نشریه رهیافت پیشگیری
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار 1397)

Adolescents are considered as one of the main resources of each society, which plays a significant role in the dynamics and continuity of social life. The issue of delinquency of this group can be regarded as a serious obstacle to the development of talents of this group. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sociological structures and tendency to juvenile delinquency.

The present study utilizes a descriptive-analytic approach and in terms of data collection method, which was conducted using an analytic strategy and a survey method. The statistical population of this research is adolescents in Tehran and its sample size is estimated at 384 people. Sampling was done by cluster sampling and simple random sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by Lisrel and SPSS statistical software.

The results showed that four variables (social capital, cultural capital, social health and socioeconomic status) had a direct and significant relationship with juvenile delinquency, and in contrast to the two variables (anomie feeling and deprivation feeling), there was an inverse and significant relationship with tendency Have a delinquency. In other words, the tendency to juvenile delinquency increases with increasing anomy feeling and deprivation and reducing social capital, cultural capital, social well-being and the socio-economic base.

Educational authorities, parents, mass media, referees and educators for preventing juvenile delinquency must pay particular attention to social factors, so paying attention to these factors as essential elements of crime prevention is necessary

Along with the development and development of the industry, the use and utilization of human beings from the resulting products is increasing. The invention of the car and the improvement of the quality of this device, along with all the pros and cons, have brought about problems for the human community. A total of 235050 deaths and 2,221,000 injured during the last 10 years in Iran have been indicative of continuing the disappearance of the injured. The purpose of this study was to provide strategies to prevent drivers from escaping from the accident scene.

The present study utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology. The research was categorized according to the method of data collection. The statistical population of the study includes judges, law enforcement officers and experts in the fund for the provision of physical damages. Sample size of 70 people was selected by stratified random sampling. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire composed of two sections, the first part containing 21 questions about the causes of escaping drivers from the scene of the accident and the second part containing 15 questions about the strategies for preventing the escape of the driver from the scene of the accident. Using the statistical indices of the characteristics of the community studied and the research questions were answered to identify the most effective method in the average score of each solution and the most effective solution in preventing the escape of the guilty drivers from the scene of the accident.

The results of the research show that among the most effective causes of escape from the accident scene from the experts’ point of view, the criminal causes with a mean score of 3.60 from the total score of 5 were identified as the most effective cause of escape of the guilty drivers from the accident scene. Considering the weighted average of the best solution in preventing the drivers from escaping from the accident scene from the point of view of experts, the use of criminal judgment with an average score of 4.15 from the total score of 5 is the most effective solution in preventing drivers from escaping from the accident scene.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of primary life skills training in preventing delinquency, life skills, abilities that are cultivated with continuous training, and prepare individuals to face up to daily life issues, increase mental, social and health abilities.

The present study is a descriptive - analytical method that is applied in a descriptive-analytical manner. The statistical population of this study is all students in the second grade of high school in Karaj in 1397. About 2,100 of them, 155 (boys and girls) were selected by random sampling and life skills assessment questionnaire was distributed and collected. Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between variables.

The results show that r observed at 0.05 has a positive and significant correlation between the training of creative thinking skills and critical thinking and the incidence of delinquency. According to the regression coefficients table, in a beta of 0.65 at 0.50, there is a positive and significant correlation. Therefore, strengthening the attributes of creative thinking skills such as independence, self-regulation, tolerance of ambiguity and perseverance in the face of failure can be effective in preventing delinquency in students.

Corruption is a problem that has been encountered by organizations and organizations throughout the ages and has formed the core of many social and political scientists and thinkers. The purpose of this article is to review the sociological approaches of corruption. The lack of theoretical approaches to corruption studies is one of the research weaknesses that have studied the phenomenon of corruption in Iran. In this article, the problem of corruption is discussed in the form of three dominant sociological paradigms (reality, definition, and social behavior), while familiarizing the scientific community with the relevant theoretical issues, it is possible to exploit these theories in the research.

The research method used in this paper is a documentary method that has been explained based on the study of books and existing works of corruption.

In fact, paradigms give humans the power to analyze complex problems and regulate their components and provide a basis for judgments. In the social reality paradigm, five major approaches to functionalism, structuralism, structural functionalism, and conflict on corruption were investigated. In the paradigm of social definition, two approaches to the symbolic interaction and interaction school and in the social behavior paradigm are referred to two approaches to behavioral sociology and exchange on corruption.

This paper examines the impact of e-government realization on prevention of corporate corruption. The hypothesis of the article is that the realization of e-government in the country leads to a reduction in the rate of organizational corruption and effective prevention of corruption in organizations. Corruption is one of the phenomena that can be seen both in the public sector and in the private sector. According to international investigations, the administrative system suffers from corruption. Consequences and destructive consequences of administrative corruption, the spread and spread of this dilemma in the world, especially in developing countries, and the heavy cost of combating it, are among the most important factors that have caused international and private institutions and organizations to pay more attention to this problem and carry out extensive research.

In this paper, a methodology used to explain the e-government solution and its role in preventing corruption. Corresponding literature on corruption, corruption prevention and e-government, and corruption prevention strategies based on the development of e-government services, were explained.

Government e-government is one of the most important factors in the development and advancement of countries in the provision and use of electronic services, and its benefits not only come from the government itself, but also citizens, the private sector and government employees. This article shows that e-government is a socio-economic system and is a chain link between government, citizens and businesses, and believes that the impact of the Freedom of Information and Access Rights Law will be significant on the prevention of corruption, and the development of the state Electronics in countries will increase transparency and reduce corruption in government activities and actions.

The field of this research has a significant effect on the phenomenon of “deviance” in disrupting the social order and different approaches of different societies towards this phenomenon, which has led to different reactions and different outcomes against it. The purpose of this article is to examine the status quo and propose effective strategies for cleverly eliminating distortive grounds in society through contingency prevention in order to increase the success of preventive programs.

The research method was qualitative and it was done using the preliminary data obtained from documentary and library studies and then accurate interview with 16 experts in this field (based on interpretive analysis method).

The findings of this study indicate that situational prevention from deviance is a preventive approach that, while considering the values and conventions of the majority of society, is purposeful and functional, and with the rational prediction of alternatives to individuals’ deviant behavior, following the increasing success of crime prevention programs. situational prevention programs should be designed in such a way that, while meeting the relative demands and values of the majority of the community, the freedom to act is limited and reasonable for a minority that is not in the same category as the other members of society, otherwise the reactions of the unbelievers may beyond deviance and in the face of violent and destructive crimes, then the situational prevention of deviance is to be directed to certain extent in society.